Application
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Propagation of electromagnetic waves in
areas with a low density of buildings
depends mainly on the topography
and the land
usage (clutter). The vector data of
the buildings
must not be considered in such scenarios.
A wide selection of propagation
models for these scenarios based on topography
and land
usage (clutter) are available in the PRO-R
module of ProMan.
As these models are very flexible they can
also be used where no vector
building data is available in urban
scenarios.
Generally the usage of topography and land
usage without any further vector building
data is recommended if the transmitting
antenna (basestation) is located on a hill
(or very tall building/mast) and if the
propagation in the vertical plane between Tx
and Rx is dominating.
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A typical
propagation scenario where
topography and
land usage
should be
considerd
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Propagation Models
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WinProp
offers a wide variety of propagation models
for rural and suburban scenarios:
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- Vertical Plane Prediction Models
(single propagation path)
- 3D Prediction Models (single
propagation path)
- 3D Prediction Models (multiple
propagation paths)
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A ray-optical prediction
with consideration
of topography, land usage,
and vector objects.
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More information about each propagation
model is available after clicking on the
corresponding links.
The PRO-R
module of WinProp
includes all propagation models listed
above except of the RRT. The
RRT is
an optional extension to the PRO-R
module as it is not mandatory for typical
network planning of cellular networks.
Beyond all these models WinProp can be
extended with an additional propagation
model based on the Parabolic
Equations.
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Databases: Topography and Clutter (Land
Usage)
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The topography
of the scenario has a very strong influence
on the propagation of the electromagnetic
waves. Therefore a detailed topographical
database is mandatory for the propagation
models.
Additionally to the topography, the land
usage (water, roads, buildings,
forest,...) influences the propagation of
electromagnetic waves. Therefore land usage
(clutter) databases can be used optionally
to improve the accuracy of the path loss
predictions.
Clutter databases should have the same or
even a finer resolution as the topographical
database.
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Topographical database of
the Grand
Canyon (USA).
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In ProMan's
PRO-R module the user can define
frequency dependent losses for each clutter
class - these clutter dependent losses can
be calibrated automatically with
measurements. Besides these frequency
depending losses also the height
of the objects in each clutter class
can be defined by the user (this is
important for the Knife-Edge
Diffrcation model as well as for the DPM and RRT).
The clutter classes can also be used to
control the selection of propagation models
(e.g. selection of submodels of Hata-Okumura
model) and the electrical properties of the
ground can be defined for each clutter class
to improve the accuracy of the ground
reflections in the deterministic
two
ray model and in the 3D RRT
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Features
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The PRO-R
module of ProMan
offers the following features:
- Coverage analysis based on accurate
propagation models
- Many different coordinate
systems supported
- Optionally consideration of clutter
properties (land usage)
- Frequency dependent additional
losses for each clutter class
- Individual heights and material
properties of objects in each
clutter class (especially for Knife-Edge-Diffraction,
Deterministic
Two Ray, 3D RRT).
- Hata-Okumura
sub-model (dense urban, urban,
suburban, open area) individual for
each clutter class
- Electrical properties of ground
individual for each clutter class to
improve accuracy of ground reflected
ray (only for Deterministic
Two Ray and 3D RRT).
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