|
|
Application
|
The propagation of electromagnetic
waves in tunnels differs significantly from the propagation in outdoor
environments.
Therefore new approaches to the modeling of the scenario
are required to obtain accurate prediction results inside tunnels.
WinProp offers the software module PRO-T to
simulate the propagation of electromagnetic waves inside tunnels.
Arbitrary cross sections and curves as well as terrain profiles inside tunnels
are possible and allow a very realistic description of the scenario.
|
Simulation of the propagation inside a tunnel
|
Calculation of propagation paths inside a tunnel
|
Even time variant scenarios
can be modeled incl. tunnels, so the effect of time-variant antennas (on top of a car, train, etc.) inside
a tunnel and the interaction with further time-variant objetcs (cars, trains,...) can be visualized.
|
Propagation Models and Simulation
|
|
Due to multiple reflections and waveguiding effects inside tunnels,
the multipath propagation in tunnels is even more important than in typical
indoor scenarios. Simple empirical propagation models are therefore not
sufficient to obtain accurate results.
The propagation models for tunnel scenarios must
consider phenomena like reflection, diffraction and shadowing in multi-path propagation
to obtain accurate propagation results.
WinProp's highly accurate semi-empirical and ray-optical indoor propagation models
have been adapted to be used in tunnel environments for cellular network planning
as well as for LOS analysis.
|
Propagation in a
tunnel
|
Of course single antennas with their specific
antenna patterns can be
used as well as radiating cables (leaky feeder cables).
|
|
|
|
Leaky feeder cable in a curved
tunnel with a terrain profile
|
|
