Waveguiding in
street canyons in urban areas
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The Dominant Path
Model allows the consideration of
waveguiding effects in street canyons, if vector building
data is available. The following
picture shows these effects in a dense urban environment.

Waveguiding in urban environment
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Realistic
consideration of clutter data
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Traditionally for
each clutter class a specific loss is defined. WinProp
allows also the definition of height
and clearance (separation) for each clutter class.
Additionally heights and clearances of clutter classes can
be distributed statistically to make it more realistic. The
following scheme shows both cases, the approach with fixed
height/clearance and the approach with the statistical
distribution (defined by std. dev.).

Comparison of both approaches
An example of a
prediction based on statistically distributed clutter
properties can be found
here. |
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Indoor coverage
based on propagation model
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The shape of
the vector buildings is considered for penetration into buildings,
thus the indoor signal level depends on type, shape and location of building.
In contrast to other simple approaches, this leads to a
realistic distribution of the field inside the buildings.

Indoor prediction with prediction model
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Highly accurate
results
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Comparisons
between propagation predictions and CW measurements have
been made to evaluate the accuracy of the model. The std.
dev. between predictions and measurements is below 7 dB, the
mean value is between -3 and +3 dB. The following list shows
some well known cities where measurements have been
conducted for the evaluation:
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Canada:
Toronto
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China: Hong
Kong
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Finland:
Helsinki
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Germany:
Cologne, Munich, Stuttgart
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Indonesia:
Jakarta
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Ireland:
Dublin
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Italy: Lucca,
Pisa
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Japan: Tokyo
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Monaco: Monte
Carlo
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Poland:
Warsaw
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Spain:
Barcelona
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Turkey:
Istanbul
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Uruguay:
Montevideo
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USA: New York
City, Schaumburg
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Short prediction
times
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The prediction
time of the WinProp plug-in is in the range of empirical
models. The following table shows some prediction times on a
standard PC (2 GHz CPU, 2 GB RAM). The scenario used for the
evaluation is a dense urban environment with resolution of
10 meter.
Cell
radius
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Prediction time
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Vector buildings
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Clutter data
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500 m
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2 sec
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1 km
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5 sec
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2 sec
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2 km
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about 20
sec
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about 15
sec
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3 km
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about 50
sec
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about 40
sec
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