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Propagation
of electromagnetic waves in urban areas in the frequency
range above 300 MHz is influenced mainly by the
buildings. Therefore a detailed vector database of the
buildings is required. For frequencies below 300 MHz,
the suburban propagation models can be used even in
urban environments.
Typically the multipath propagation is very important in
urban environments (see figure). Simple empirical
propagation models are therefore not sufficient.
The urban
propagation models can be used for cellular network
planning as well as for LOS analysis (microwave links).
Antennas can be mounted below the rooftop level or above
(if they are mounted below this leads to microcells). |
This is a typical urban propagation environment with
some propagation paths.
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Phenomena
like multi-path propagation, reflection, diffraction and
shadowing have a significant influence on the received
power. So the propagation models should consider these
phenomena to obtain accurate results.
WinProp offers a wide variety of propagation models for
urban scenarios.
Empirical
Models:
Ray Optical
Propagation Models:
More
information about each propagation model is available
after clicking on the corresponding links. |
